|
[QUE/QM-10010]Node id: 2783page Let $V(r)$ be a function of $r$ alone and independent of $\theta$, and $\phi $. Show that the angular momentum operators $ L_x, L_y$ and $L_z$ commute with $\hat{V}(r).$
{[ Hint: Derive expressions for angular momentum operators in $r, \theta$ and $\phi$ variables ]} |
|
22-04-11 13:04:15 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-10008]Node id: 2784page Compute $$U(a)\ \vec{r} \ U^\dagger(a) $$ where $$U(a) = \exp(-i\vec{a}\cdot \hat{\vec{p}})$$ where $\vec{a}$ are numbers. |
|
22-04-11 13:04:58 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-10007]Node id: 2785pageShow that
- $\displaystyle \left[ \hat{p}_x, F(\vec{r}) \right] = -i \hbar {\partial F\over \partial x} $
- $\displaystyle \left[ \hat{x}, G(\vec{p}) \right] = -i \hbar {\partial G\over \partial p_x}$
|
|
22-04-11 13:04:33 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-10006]Node id: 2786page
- Express the following operators in terms of $a$ and $a^\dagger$. $$ (i) \ \hat{x}\qquad (ii)\ \hat{p}\qquad (iii)\ \hat{x}^2 \qquad (iv)\ \hat{p}^2 $$
- Using the properties of operators $a$ and $a^\dagger$ compute the $m n$ matrix elements of the four operators given in part (a) in the harmonic oscillator basis.
- What answer do you expect for the matrix elements of the Hamiltonian operator $$ \hat{H} = { \hat{p}^2\over 2m} +{1\over2}m \omega^2 \hat{x}^2 $$ Using the answers obtained in part (b) check if your guess is correct.
|
|
22-04-11 13:04:06 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-10005]Node id: 2787page
- Find the matrices representing the operators $J_+, J_- \text{and} J_z$ in the basis $|jm\rangle.$
- Use your answers in part (a) to find the matrices for the operators $J_x$ and $J_y$.
- What answer do you expect for the matrix for $J^2$? Check if your guess is correct or not by computing the matrix for $L^2$ using the matrices found above.
|
|
22-04-11 13:04:54 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-10004]Node id: 2788page
- Express the operators $a$ and $a^\dagger$ defined by $$ a = {( p -i m\omega x) \over \sqrt{2m\omega \hbar}}, \qquad a^\dagger = {( p +i m\omega x) \over \sqrt{2m\omega \hbar}} $$ in the co-ordinate representation and solve the equation $$ a \psi(x) = 0 $$ to determine the ground state wave function.
- Applying $a^\dagger$ on the ground state wave function, find the first two excited state eigen functions for the harmonic oscillator.
- Normalize the ground state and the two excited state eigen functions found above.
|
|
22-04-11 13:04:38 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-10003]Node id: 2789page The spherical harmonics $Y_{lm}(\theta,\phi)$ are normalized simultaneous eigenfunctions of $L^2$ and $L_z$ operators. Use the co-ordinate space expressions \begin{eqnarray*} L_x &=& i\hbar \Big( \sin\phi {\partial\over \partial\theta } + \cot \theta \cos\phi{\partial\over \partial \phi} \Big)\\ L_y &=& i\hbar \Big(-\cos\phi {\partial\over \partial\theta } + \cot \theta \sin\phi{\partial\over \partial \phi} \Big)\\ L_z &=& -i\hbar {\partial\over\partial \phi} \end{eqnarray*} \samepage{for the orbital angular momentum operators and the properties of thelladder\\operators, $L^\pm$, and construct expressions for $Y_{lm}(\theta,\phi)$ for $l=2$ and $m=2,1,0,-1,-2$.} |
|
22-04-11 13:04:36 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-07015]Node id: 2801page$\newcommand{\ket}[1]{|#1\rangle}$
{Let \(\ket{E_1},\ket{E_2}\) denote normalized energy eigenstates with energies \(E_1\ne E_2\). Let \(\psi\) be the superposition \[ \ket{\psi} = a\ket{E_1} + b\ket{E_2},\] \(a,b\) are complex constants. Obtain an expression for the uncertainty in energy \((\Delta E)_\psi\)in the state \(\ket{\psi}\). Find all conditions so that \(\Delta E\) may be zero, and interpret the answers you get.} |
|
22-04-11 13:04:52 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-07014]Node id: 2802page |
|
22-04-11 13:04:13 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-07013]Node id: 2803pageShow that if an operator commutes with to components of angular momentum, it commutes with the third component as well.
{Daniel F. Styer} |
|
22-04-11 13:04:19 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-07012]Node id: 2804page
Consider the space of square integrable functions on a plane. \[ \iint dx\,dy |\psi(x,y)|^2 < \infty.\] Define radial and angular momenta operators \(\hat{p}_r, \hat{P}_\theta\) on the subset of functions satisfying \[\psi(r,\theta+2\pi) = \psi(r,\theta), \qquad \psi(r, \theta)|_{r=0} = \psi(r,\theta)|_{r\to \infty} =0 .\]
- Show that \({P}_{\theta}= -i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\) satisfies \[\Big(\phi(r,\theta), \hat{P}_\theta \psi(r,\theta)\Big) = \Big(\hat{P}_\theta\phi(r,\theta), \psi(r,\theta)\Big) \] and is, therefore, a hermitian operator.
- Find the hermitian conjugate of the operator \(\hat{p}_r\equiv-i\hbar\frac{\partial}{\partial r}\). Show that \(\hat{p}_r\) is not a hermitian operator.
- Find a hermitian operator \(\hat{P}_r\) that may represent radial momentum in two dimensions.
- Consider the classical free Hamiltonian \( H_{cl} = \frac{P_r^2}{2m} + \frac{P_\theta^2}{2mr^2}.\) Replace the classical momenta \(P_r, P_\theta\) by corresponding hermitian momentum operators \(\hat{P}_r, \hat{P}_\theta\). Compare your answer for the operator so obtained with the free particle Schr\"{o}dinger Hamiltonian \[\widehat{H}_0 = -\frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\Big(\frac{\partial^2}{\partial x^2} + \frac{\partial^2}{\partial y}\Big).\] and give your comments.
|
|
22-04-11 12:04:28 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-07011]Node id: 2805pageA physical system has dynamical variables $X,Y,Z$ represented by the $2\times2$ Pauli matrices $\sigma_x,\sigma_y,\sigma_z$. Compute the average value of $\ell X + m Y + n Z $ in any one state in which $a X + b Y + c Z $ has a definite value. Assume $\ell^2 + m^2 +n^2=1$ and $a^2 + b^2 + c^2=1$. |
|
22-04-11 12:04:57 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-07009]Node id: 2807page A physical system has dynamical variables $X,Y,Z$ represented by the $2\times2$ Pauli matrices $\sigma_x,\sigma_y,\sigma_z$. Compute the average values of the following operators in the specified states.
- The average of $X$ in the state represented by the vector $\begin{pmatrix}1 \\ 2\end{pmatrix}.$
- The average value of $Y+Z$ in the state in which the variable $X$ has a definite value -1 for $X$.
|
|
22-04-11 12:04:21 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-07008]Node id: 2808page A physical system has dynamical variables $X,Y,Z$ represented by the $2\times2$ Pauli matrices $\sigma_x,\sigma_y,\sigma_z$.
In each of the following cases find out if the dynamical variables can be measured simultaneously or not.
A physical system has dynamical variables $X,Y,Z$ represented by the $2\times2$ Pauli matrices $\sigma_x,\sigma_y,\sigma_z$. In each of the following cases find out if the dynamical variables can be measured simultaneously or not.
- $X $ and $Y$
- $Y$ and $Z$
- $Y^2$ and $Z$.
|
|
22-04-11 12:04:19 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-07007]Node id: 2809pageA physical system has dynamical variables $X,Y,Z$ represented by the $2\times2$ Pauli matrices $\sigma_x,\sigma_y,\sigma_z$.
Compute the average values and uncertainties of $X,Y$ and $Z $ in a state represented by $$ \chi = \begin{pmatrix} 1 + 2i \\ 1-3i \end{pmatrix} $$ |
|
22-04-11 12:04:06 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-07006]Node id: 2810pageUse the uncertainty principle to estimate the ground state energy of harmonic oscillator. |
|
22-04-10 18:04:07 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-16009]Node id: 2820page
- Show that the average value of kinetic energy for a particle in one dimension having the wave function \(\psi(x)\) is \[ \langle \text{K.E.}\rangle = \frac{\hbar^2}{2m}\int_{-\infty} ^ \infty |\psi(x)|^2\, dx.\]
- Obtain a similar formula for the average of kinetic energy in three dimensions for a particle if the wave function \(\psi(r)\) is independent of polar coordinates \(\theta, \phi\).
- Can one write down a similar result for the general case in polar coordinates when the wave fucntion depends on all the three variables \(r,\theta,\phi\)?
|
|
22-04-10 18:04:04 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-16008]Node id: 2821page
- Express the angular momentum operators \begin{eqnarray} \hat{L}_x &=& -i\hbar{\hat{y} \frac{\partial}{\partial z} - \hat{z} \frac{\partial}{\partial y} }\label{EQ01}\\ \hat{L}_y &=& -i\hbar{\hat{z} \frac{\partial}{\partial x} - \hat{x} \frac{\partial}{\partial z} }\label{EQ02}\\ \hat{L}_z &=& -i\hbar{\hat{x} \frac{\partial}{\partial y} - \hat{y} \frac{\partial}{\partial x} }\label{EQ03} \end{eqnarray} in polar coordinates and show \begin{eqnarray} \hat{L}_x &=& i\hbar \left(\sin\phi \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta} +\cot\theta\cos\phi\frac{\partial}{\partial \phi} \right)\label{EQ04}\\ \hat{L}_x &=& i\hbar \left(\sin\phi \frac{\partial}{\partial \theta} +\cot\theta\cos\phi\frac{\partial}{\partial \phi} \right)\label{EQ05}\\ \hat{L}_z &= & i\hbar \frac{\partial }{\partial \phi}\label{EQ06} \end{eqnarray}
- Use the result of the previous part and show that The operator $\vec{L}^2$ in spherical polar coordinates is given by \begin{equation} \vec{L}^2 = \hat{L}_x^2 +\hat{L}_y^2 + \hat{L}_z^2 \label{EQ07} \end{equation} takes the form \begin{equation}\label{EQ08} \vec{L}^2 = -\hbar^2\left[ \frac{1}{\sin\theta} \frac{\partial}{\partial\theta}\left(\sin\theta \frac{\partial}{\partial\theta} \right) + \frac{1}{\sin^2\theta}\frac{\partial^2}{\partial \phi^2} \right] \end{equation}
|
|
22-04-10 18:04:26 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-16010]Node id: 2819pageHow much energy in eV will be required to ionize a H atom which is in the excited state \(n=3\)? Use calculator to get the answer upto significant number of places. Take the value of the Rydberg constant to be \(R = 109737.3177 \mbox{cm}^{-1}\) |
|
22-04-10 11:04:07 |
n |
|
[QUE/QM-16011]Node id: 2818pageThe wave function of a particle has the form \begin{equation*} \psi(r\theta,\phi) = \chi(r)( A\cos^7\theta + B \cos^3\theta + C \cos2\phi) \end{equation*} where \(\chi(r)\) is radial part of the wave function dependent only on \(r\). A measurement of \(\vec{L}^2\) and \(L_z\) is made. What values do you expect for \(\vec{L}^2\)? for \(L_z\)? |
|
22-04-10 11:04:01 |
n |