Welcome Guest!

# Constant electric field in vacuum

For page specific messages
For page specific messages
• Strength and potential of the field of a point charge q:$$E=\frac{1}{4\pi {\varepsilon}_0}\frac{q}{r^3}r, \phi=\frac{1}{4\pi {\varepsilon}_0}\frac{q}{r}.$$
• Relation between field strength and potential:$$E=- \nabla\,\phi.$$ i.e. field strength is equal to the anti gradient of the potential.
• Gauss's theorem and circulation of the vector E:$$\oint E \,dS=\frac{q}{{\varepsilon}_0}, \oint E \,dr=0.$$
• Potential and strength of the field of a point dipole with electric moment p:$$\phi =\frac{1}{4\pi {\varepsilon}_0}\frac{Pr}{r^3}, E=\frac{1}{4\pi {\varepsilon}_0}\frac{p}{r^3}\sqrt{1+3{\cos}^2 \theta}.$$ where $\theta$ is the angle between the vectors r and p.
• Energy W of the dipole p in an external electric field, and the moment N of forces acting on the dipole:$$W =-pE, N=[pE].$$
• Force F acting on a dipole, and its projection $F_x$:$$F=p\frac{\partial E}{\partial l},F_x=p.\nabla E_x$$ where alai is the derivative of the vector E with respect to the dipole direction, $\nabla E_x$ is the gradient of the function $E_x$.

y